This excellent analysis from Evan Jang showcase the fundamental mathematics nature of all optimization solutions:
https://blog.evjang.com/2018/08/dijkstras.html
The state of the art techniques for currency arbitrage, AI reinforcement learning, and computer graphics rendering rely on the same principles of optimization!
See Monte Carlo methods, Dijkstra, etc.
I wonder what else is fundamentally path optimization?
M. Y. Z. 